RhinoCommon follows more accurately the .Net framework guidelines. Therefore, we hope that learning one .Net language will be a good starting point to learn using this library. The two main programming languages in .Net are C# and Vb.Net. Amazon (C#, Vb.Net) or a library near you probably have some good books about both these languages. I personally like the books authored by Jesse Liberty.
One nice addition will be IronPython in Grasshopper at some point, which is a more "dynamic" language (e.g. no need to define types, and methods are discovered at runtime). There is already a _EditPythonScript command in Rhino v5.
I hope it helps,
- Giulio
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giulio@mcneel.com
McNeel Europe, Barcelona